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- ENVIRONMENT, Page 65An Overblown Asbestos Scare?
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- The dangers are minimal in most buildings, says a new study
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- Lurking in ceiling tiles and insulation, wrapped around
- heating pipes and boilers, asbestos -- that once beloved
- fireproof mineral, now dreaded as a carcinogen -- is virtually
- everywhere in American buildings. Communities and companies
- around the country have been spending millions of dollars in a
- race to remove the lethal stuff. The Environmental Protection
- Agency (EPA) estimates that at least 733,000 public and
- commercial buildings and up to 45,000 of the nation's 100,000
- schools contain asbestos in a potentially dangerous condition.
- While the cost of removing it could reach hundreds of billions
- of dollars over the next few decades, failure to do so would
- expose millions of children and other citizens to the prospect
- of an early, painful death.
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- Or would it? According to a report in last week's Science,
- the asbestos "crisis" is grossly exaggerated, and the public
- would do well to save its dread and its dollars. Says Brooke
- Mossman, a cell biologist at the University of Vermont College
- of Medicine and the lead author of the report: "Low-level
- exposure is not a threat to human health. The scare is
- unprecedented, and the amount spent on asbestos removal is
- ridiculous." In fact, say Mossman and her co-authors, removal
- often puts more asbestos into the air than was there in the
- first place.
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- The scientists agree that airborne asbestos can be deadly.
- It is a proven cause of mesothelioma, an incurable cancer of the
- membranes surrounding internal organs. It also causes
- asbestosis, a choking stiffening of the lungs, and it has been
- linked to lung cancer. Yet nearly all cases of asbestos-related
- disease have been confined to people who mined the mineral or
- those who worked with it in manufacturing or installation jobs.
- As for the general public, says Mossman, the level of exposure
- even in buildings with flaking asbestos is no more than 1% of
- the level deemed safe for workers.
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- The researchers note that some sorts of asbestos are far
- more dangerous than others and that the safest type is used
- almost exclusively in U.S. buildings. The bottom line: the risk
- of dying from smoking, drowning, airplane crashes or even
- playing high school football is 100 to 1,000 times as great as
- the risk of dying from asbestos exposure in buildings. "We have
- known this for two years," complains Mossman, "yet I can still
- pick up a newspaper that says it's a problem."
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- The public's fears have been fueled in part by EPA
- regulations that require school officials to inspect buildings
- for flaking asbestos every six months, notify parents if it is
- found and make every effort to contain or remove the material.
- "The law implies that they must do something about it, and that
- is not always right," says Mossman.
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- Government officials acknowledge that the scientists have
- a point. Says Charles Elkins, director of the EPA's office of
- toxic substances: "I would agree that in many cases removal is
- the wrong thing to do. It is a mistake for people to overreact.
- But it is also a mistake to say that asbestos is not a problem."
- In some situations, he says, simply blocking off an area or
- coating the damaged material with chemical sealants may do the
- trick. But asbestos insulation should probably be routinely
- removed from pipes in hallways, for example, to prevent passing
- children from dislodging it.
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- The Science authors do not oppose all asbestos removal, but
- they contend that it should be done only when the level and type
- of airborne particles are clearly hazardous. Given the cost of
- asbestos removal -- $20 or more per sq. ft., or 100 times the
- price of installing it -- that argument should be a weighty one
- for policymakers.
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- By Michael D. Lemonick. Reported by Andrea Dorfman/New York.
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